Hornets are large, robust insects known for their distinctive coloration, which can vary depending on the species. They typically build large, football-shaped nests from paper-like material in trees, shrubs, or on buildings. Hornets are aggressive defenders of their nests and can deliver painful stings when threatened. While some species may have black and yellow coloration, others, such as the European hornet (Vespa crabro), have a brownish-red coloration with yellow markings. Their stings contain potent venom that can cause significant pain, swelling, and allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Despite their common occurrence, hornets play a role in controlling pest populations and are an important part of the ecosystem.